An Assessment of Antihypertensive & Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity of Allium sativum and Rauwolfia serpentina in Hypertension and High Fat Induced Rat Model
Sanjida Jannath
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Bushratul Jannat
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Plot # 15, Block # B, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh.
Syeda Taarin Ishraat
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mehrab Sadat
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sayma Akter Nirzana
Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
Md. Rafat Tahsin *
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Plot # 15, Block # B, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh.
Fahima Aktar
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Molecular Pharmacology and Herbal Drug Research Laboratory, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Shaila Kabir
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Molecular Pharmacology and Herbal Drug Research Laboratory, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Abu Asad Chowdhury
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Molecular Pharmacology and Herbal Drug Research Laboratory, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Md. Shah Amran
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Molecular Pharmacology and Herbal Drug Research Laboratory, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is an increasingly important global medical and public health problem that is linked to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Researchers in both developed and developing nations have identified it as one of the most widespread diseases currently present. The investigators are focusing on plants for better, safer, more affordable, and more effective alternatives due to unwanted risks and negative effects of synthetic pharmaceuticals. Allium sativum possesses anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, renoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antihypertensive properties while Rauwolfia serpentina is known to possess pharmacological actions such as hypnotic effect, sedative effect, antihypertensive activity, and anti hypercholesteremic activity.
Methods: Sixty rats were divided into six groups, each containing ten rats. With the exception of the negative control group, rats from all groups were given 1% NaCI solution as water and high fat diet as food to induce hypertension. After that, among the six groups one group was treated with Allium sativum, one group with Rauwolfia serpentina and one with the mixture of Rauwolfia serpentina and Allium sativum.
Results and Discussion: In case of lipid profile and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure) both Rauwolfia serpentina and Allium sativum significantly (p<0.05) reversed disturbed pathological state, when compared with disease control group. However, Rauwolfia serpentina demonstrated the highest degree of activity for anti-hypertensive activity (Mean Blood Pressure 89.79±5.84 mmHg) and Allium sativum is more potent for controlling abnormal lipid profile (Total Cholesterol 125.39±5.59).
Conclusion: Therefore, this study provides scientific evidence that Rauwolfia serpentina and Allium sativum have considerable anti-hypertensive and anti-lipidemic activities. More research needs to be done on these plants to isolate particular therapeutic constituents, so that it can be applied more precisely and accurately to mitigate the respective disease.
Keywords: Hypertension, Allium sativum, Rauwolfia serpentine, rat, anti-hypertensive activity, anti-lipidemic activity